Safiran, A Novel Line of Safflower
Safiran is an advanced and uniform line of safflower with black seed coats obtained via interspecific hybridization of an Iranian white-seeded line, as the female parent, and a black-seeded genotype of the wild safflower species (C. oxyacanthus) following back crossing and selfing programs.
The genotype exhibits the lowest damage and the highest yield performance in areas infested by the safflower fly. This is because the black coats of Safiran, and even main veins, contain cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), a type of anthocyanin, which has anti-feeding and deterrent properties against insect herbivores. C3G is the most common anthocyanin in nature with 3.5 times stronger anti-oxidative activity than Trolox (vitamin E analog). Therefore, C3G has anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic and estrogen receptor-binding effects. Also, it is useful for preventing or reducing the progress of diseases linked to free radical overproduction, such as cardiovascular diseases.
Whole seeds or seed coat of Safiran can be considered as a source of dietary fiber rich in flavonoids for human consumption and for poultries that surprisingly prefer to feed on black seeds of this novel line of safflower instead of white ones.
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